I work in a research department where one of my seniors are authoring a position paper on trustworthy AI, and we came into a discussion regarding the phrase “…understanding the theoretical basis for (human) intelligence has gone hand in hand with improvements in the capabilities of real systems.” Even though it was referenced to Russel and Norvigs book, I think the statement is misleading and a bit sensationalist, as more or less none of the recent advances in deep learning I can think of are inspired by neuroscience. In fact, the two seems more detached now than ever.

I’ve tried searching for good papers to back my claim on this, but I have not been able to find any. Am I wrong? Are there any good material on the subject of the connection between applied AI and the theory of human intelligence?