Skip to main content

Blog

Learn About Our Meetup

5000+ Members

MEETUPS

LEARN, CONNECT, SHARE

Join our meetup, learn, connect, share, and get to know your Toronto AI community. 

JOB POSTINGS

INDEED POSTINGS

Browse through the latest deep learning, ai, machine learning postings from Indeed for the GTA.

CONTACT

CONNECT WITH US

Are you looking to sponsor space, be a speaker, or volunteer, feel free to give us a shout.

[R] How can I improve my material segmentations? UPDATED

I am trying to perform material segmentation (essentially semantic segmentation with respect to materials) on street-view imagery. My datasets only has ground truth for select regions, so not all pixels have a label, and I calculate loss and metrics only within these ground truth regions. I use Semantic FPN (with the ResNet-50 backbone pre-trained on ImageNet), a learning rate of 0.001, momentum of 0.8, and learning rate is divided by 4 if there is no validations loss improvement after three epochs. My loss function is a per-pixel multiclass cross-entropy loss.

My dataset is extremely limited. Not only are not all pixels classified, I also only have 700 images and a severe class imbalance. I tried tackling this imbalance through loss class weighting (based on the number of ground truth pixels for each respective class, i.e. their area sizes), but it barely helps. I also possess, for every image, a depth map, which I (can) supply as a fourth channel to the input layer.

A table of results

Visualizations of images trained only on RGB

Visualizations of images trained on RGBD

Visualizations of images trained only on RGB, but with class loss weighting

Visualizations of images trained only RGBD, and with class loss weighting

Performance is pretty crappy. What’s more, there is very little difference between results of my four experiments. Why is this? I would expect that the addition of depth information (which encodes surface normals and perhaps texture information; pretty discriminitive information). Besides the overall metrics being rather low, the predictions are very messy, and the networks rarely, if ever, predicts “small” classes (in terms of area size), e.g. plastic or gravel. This is to be expected with such a small amount of data, but I was wondering if there are any “performance hacks” that can boost my network, or if I am missing any obvious stuff? Or is data likely the only bottleneck here? Any suggestions are greatly appreciated!

PS. I also tried a simple ResNet-50 FCN (I simply upsample ResNet’s output until I have the same resolution; there aren’t even skip connections), and the results are worse, but at least they are smooth. Why are these more smooth?

UPDATE: Last time I got the advice to use (generalized) dice loss, which is specifically designed to combat class imbalance in semantic segmentation problems. However, in my case, the opposite happens. Why? I do not use the per-class weights, which in the paper is calculated as the inverse of the squared area of the class’ ground truth. Even if I just use the inverse of the unsquared area, I just get a loss of 1 all the time. This is because the ratio of nominator to denominator becomes too small. I can’t wrap my head around why that is. I also posted this question more thoroughly to StackExchange. I am quite at a loss at what else to do to improve my results. I thought depth of my network might be a bottleneck? I now use ResNet50, and have trouble implementing deeper networks. Any advice is greatly appreciated!

submitted by /u/EmielBoss
[link] [comments]