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Category: Reddit MachineLearning

[R] Fooling real cars with Deep Learning (Deep Learning + Cybersecurity))

First time posting!

We attacked a real vehicle using Deep Learning to generate real life Adversarial traffic signs, effective on cars from different manufacturers. We used nothing more than a strong GPU and commercially available printing services.

Would love feedback and/or discussion 🙂

the paper https://arxiv.org/abs/1907.00374

medium post with a Demo video https://medium.com/@shacharm/fooling-real-cars-with-deep-learning-cace6422c396

submitted by /u/oblongatas_blancas
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[R] Reprogrammable Electro-Optic Nonlinear Activation Functions for Optical Neural Networks

I am very excited to share our recently published work towards developing nonlinear activation functions for optical neural networks (ONNs).

There has been a lot of interest in specialized hardware for achieving high efficiency and performance on machine learning tasks. Matrix-vector multiplications are one of the most important (and computationally expensive) operations in neural networks. It turns out that analog optical processors can perform these operations in O(1) time (rather than the O(n^2) time on GPUs and CPUs). These specialized ONN processors, which are driven by modulated lasers, could potentially be scaled to use far less energy per operation than conventional digital processors.

Of course, the other piece of the puzzle for neural networks is the nonlinear activation function. Optics is excellent for performing linear operations, but nonlinearities are far more difficult, especially in on-chip circuits. Basically, in nature, if you want to see something or to send information, you use light. But, if you want to make a decision on that information you use electrical charge.

Our paper (linked below) proposes a scheme for building a full ONN with an activation function by coupling a small electrical circuit to the output of each ONN layer. This electrical circuit converts a small amount of the optical signal into and electrical voltage, which then nonlinearly modulates the optical signal. We performed a benchmark of this ONN on the MNIST image recognition task and found that our activation function significantly boosted the classification accuracy of the ONN, from ~85% without the activation to ~94% with the activation. This is still a bit below the performance achieved in state-of-the-art models, but our setup used only 16 complex Fourier coefficients of the images as inputs (rather than all 784 pixels).

Checkout the paper below and feel free to ask questions. Our two Python ONN simulator packages (developed by two of my co-authors) are available on GitHub: https://github.com/fancompute/neuroptica and https://github.com/solgaardlab/neurophox. These repos include several examples if you’re interested in playing around with training ONNs on a computer.

Journal Paper: https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTQE.2019.2930455

arXiv preprint: https://arxiv.org/abs/1903.04579 (same content as the journal version)

submitted by /u/ian_williamson
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[P] TACO: Trash Annotations in Context Dataset

Hey, for the past year, I have been building, with a friend of mine, an image dataset for litter detection, similar to COCO object segmentation. Check out our project here: tacodataset.org

Our aims are:

  1. To crowdsource more images and annotations.
  2. To support and stimulate more research and applications to address this problem.

Stay tuned for further updates.

submitted by /u/cvwiz
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[D] Is it common to discard all ‘non-full-time-trajectory’ pedestrian from data in pedestrian prediction domain?

[D] Is it common to discard all 'non-full-time-trajectory' pedestrian from data in pedestrian prediction domain?

Hello, I’m relatively new to pedestrian trajectory prediction, and I have a question about the preprocessing of pedestrian data. Actually, I sent the question e-mail for the author of SocialGAN paper and no reply was received (yet). If anyone knows anything about this topic, your answer would help me a lot.

It is quite common that may ML pedestrian trajectory prediction employs LSTM in order to capture the temporal correlation. For example, look at the diagram below from the paper ”Social GAN: Socially Acceptable Trajectories with Generative Adversarial Networks’ (https://arxiv.org/pdf/1803.10892.pdf ). In the paper, the author said that the model was trained to observe 3.2 seconds (8f) then predict 4.8 seconds (12f).

Adopted from SocialGAN paper. Since some of the trajectories terminates earlier than others, LSTM steps should handle this uneven data length.

However, since the common pedestrian dataset (like ETH and UCY) collected from a single still camera, trajectory terminates when the agent moves out of sight. Thus, unlike the conceptual diagram in many papers, we cannot simply gather whole data for 3.2sec (8f) and let them consist of LSTM hidden state.

Therefore, I’ve curious about how other researchers handled this missing value problem.

While following the author’s code on GitHub, I’ve found that the code discarded every individual when their trajectory throughout the given interval is shorter than its whole interval length. (https://github.com/agrimgupta92/sgan/blob/master/sgan/data/trajectories.py, an excerpt from class ‘TrajectoryDataset’)

When the SocialGAN paper preprocesses the raw pedestrian data into pytorch dataset, agents with short trajectory length discarded from the dataset and not used for inference.

In result, the final dataset for training does not contain a nonnegligible portion of trajectories despite that some of them could exist near to ‘considered’ individuals and may affect their trajectories.

I want to raise two questions on this point.

Am I correctly understanding the code and its consequences? I would like to show a small toy example in order to visualize and verify my understandings of SocialGAN code.

Let us assume that seq_len = 4 (obs_len = 2, pred_len = 2) and consider the frame 1~4. Then, according to my understandings, SocialGAN code discards green agent(below) because it does not have a full 4-frame trajectory.

Crude visualization of pedestrian dataset.

But, in my opinion, I think the green agent would affect red agent’s trajectory a lot compared to blue one does. Although the missing value of the trajectory is an inevitable problem of the dataset itself (since no one can collect an indefinite amount of tracked position), ignoring the whole trajectory because of those value might decrease the overall accuracy.

Furthermore, since this preprocessing handles frame-based trajectory data with a moving window (i.e. it makes frame 1~4 as a first data and 2~5 as second, 3~6 as third, and so on.), an agent like green might affect red agent in some data, while discarded in other data2.

– Secondly, (under the assumption that my understanding of the situation is correct), Is this kind of preprocessing (discarding non-full-trajectory individuals) common for preprocessing of the public pedestrian datasets such as ETH and UCY, or is this preprocessing was particular for SocialGAN and there are other ways to preprocess pedestrian data? I’d like to know that is there another way to deal with this missing value problem.

I’m currently trying to implement a model and preprocessing which can alleviate this problem, but I’m not certain whether this problem had been already addressed and well-known in CV/ML society, or it hadn’t.

Again, any response or shared opinion will be grateful 🙂

submitted by /u/nokpil
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[D] Machine Learning at Spotify (with Gustav Soderstrom)

[D] Machine Learning at Spotify (with Gustav Soderstrom)

Gustav Soderstrom is the Chief Research & Development Officer at Spotify, leading Product, Design, Data, Technology & Engineering teams.

Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v-9Mpe7NhkM

Audio: https://lexfridman.com/gustav-soderstrom

https://i.redd.it/a1xdy4ar59d31.png

Outline:

0:00 – Introduction

1:06 – Favorite song & True Romance

3:04 – Purpose of music in society

7:02 – History of music

16:28 – Piracy and the internet, competing with free

20:54 – Innovation in music streaming user experience

23:36 – Video content, YouTube, and the focus on audio

25:56 – Growing a user base

28:14 – Letting go of music hoarding

31:18 – Playlists and machine learning

38:19 – Song data analysis

41:05 – Tools for empowering the music creation process

53:14 – Albums and podcasting

1:00:13 – Recommender systems & machine learning

1:19:28 – Smart speakers

1:26:54 – Music labels

1:36:10 – Future of music streaming

1:41:17 – Future of mobile devices

1:44:25 – Her

submitted by /u/UltraMarathonMan
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[P] AI ping pong game w/ object detection on Raspberry Pi 4 & Google Coral USB Accelerator

I recently got my hands on the Raspberry Pi 4 and the Google Coral USB Accelerator and i decided to program a little fun game in order to get an idea of the performance of these devices. This is a video summary about it:

https://youtu.be/ruGk99s9Yhk

Technical details:

  • The machine learning model used is a MobileNet SSD v2 trained on faces, which is publicly available.
  • The video frames processed by the machine learning model have the dimension 720 x 480 pixels
  • The frames per second during this game fluctuate between 20 and 30 fps
  • The program is written in Python and besides the TFLite model, most of the program is achieved with OpenCV

What i learned:

  • The combo of a Raspberry Pi 4 which now has USB 3 and the Google Coral USB Accelerator are a powerful and cheap setup and should definitely evaluated for projects that deal with machine learning inference on the edge.
  • The Raspberry Pi 4 CPU gets pretty hot, it sometimes went up to 80 degrees celsius! Although the heat issue might be partly fixed with a Raspbian update, i highly recommend to get an active cooling solution like a fan, a heat sink only lowered temperatures by 3-5 degrees in my case.
  • I prefer working with these two devices over the Google Coral Dev Board because the latter one runs Mendel OS which i find hard to work with, there is a lot of restrictions when you get started and i had a hard time to find solutions, even to achieve something as simple as a right click or open a visual explorer. Raspbian OS on the other hand has just so much more support because of its great community. I haven’t had my hands on the Jetson Nano from NVIDIA so i cannot make a comparison here.
  • I tried to convert other objects into ping pong bats which can be recognized by the MobileNet SSD v2 (COCO), such as bananas but realised that objects need to be quite big or close to the camera in order to be recognized reliably by the relatively small image resolution. Smartphones and books worked quite well with that model but not as well as faces.

What do you think about these devices combined? Do you know of a better device or solution for machine learning inference on the edge?

In any case, I hope this helps you make decisions for your future projects 🙂 !

Paul

submitted by /u/paul_read_it
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[D] Dealing with open set reidentification

What’s the best approach in dealing with open set identifications such as face id and re-id. I know these problems are still unsolved and give low results without human aid. So mainly Im asking for ideas on how to handle this topic. For the sake of the argument lets focus on face recognition and lets say all images are of high quality. So storing or comparing the first few hundred picture we might have somewhat okay results if we use clustering or threshholding but when the numbers get bigger the false positive rates sky rockets. So is there a way to rerank or retrain everyonce in a while. Or at least differentiate from known and unknowns. Im lost at this step.

submitted by /u/ychamel
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[P] The machine learning lifecycle

Hi all,

Machine learning in the industry is a lot more than just models and mathematics. We wrote a blog post describing the phases that a successful machine learning project goes through, what potential pitfalls there are and how to succeed in each phase.

If you have any feedback or questions let us know!

Blog post

submitted by /u/dzyl
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