Paper: https://arxiv.org/abs/1906.01083

Blog (with samples): https://sjvasquez.github.io/blog/melnet/

Many more samples: https://audio-samples.github.io/

Abstract: Capturing high-level structure in audio waveforms is challenging because a single second of audio spans tens of thousands of timesteps. While long-range dependencies are difficult to model directly in the time domain, we show that they can be more tractably modelled in two-dimensional time-frequency representations such as spectrograms. By leveraging this representational advantage, in conjunction with a highly expressive probabilistic model and a multiscale generation procedure, we design a model capable of generating high-fidelity audio samples which capture structure at timescales that time-domain models have yet to achieve. We apply our model to a variety of audio generation tasks, including unconditional speech generation, music generation, and text-to-speech synthesis—showing improvements over previous approaches in both density estimates and human judgments.